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父节点和祖先节点

如果要获取某个节点元素的父节点，可以调用parent属性：

html = """
			Once upon a time there were three little sisters; and their names wereElsie
...
"""from bs4 import BeautifulSoupsoup = BeautifulSoup(html, 'lxml')print(soup.a.parent)

运行结果如下：

            Once upon a time there were three little sisters; and their names wereElsie

这里我们选择的是第一个a节点的父节点元素。很明显，它的父节点是p节点，输出结果便是p节点及其内部的内容。

html = """
Elsie
"""from bs4 import BeautifulSoupsoup = BeautifulSoup(html, 'lxml')print(type(soup.a.parents))print(list(enumerate(soup.a.parents)))

运行结果如下：

   
    [(0, 
    
Elsie
), (1, 
    
Elsie
), (2, 
    
Elsie
), (3, 
    
Elsie
)]
   

可以发现，返回结果是生成器类型。这里用列表输出了它的索引和内容，而列表中的元素就是a节点的祖先节点。

兄弟节点

兄弟节点的获取方式：

html = """
		Once upon a time there were little sisters; and their names wereElsie		HelloLacie		andTillie		and they lived at the bottom of a well.
"""from bs4 import BeautifulSoupsoup = BeautifulSoup(html, 'lxml')print('Next Sibling', soup.a.next_sibling)print('Prev Sibling', soup.a.previous_sibling)print('Next Siblings', list(enumerate(soup.a.next_siblings)))print('Prev Siblings', list(enumerate(soup.a.previous_siblings)))

运行结果如下：

Next Sibling        HelloPrev Sibling        Once upon a time there were little sisters; and their names wereNext Siblings [(0, '\n        Hello\n'), (1, Lacie), (2, '\n        and\n'), (3, Tillie), (4, '\n        and they lived at the bottom of a well.\n')]Prev Siblings [(0, '\n        Once upon a time there were little sisters; and their names were\n')]

可以看到，这里调用了4个属性，其中next_sibling和previous_sibling分别获取节点的下一个和上一个兄弟元素，next_siblings和previous_siblings则分别返回所有前面和后面的兄弟节点的生成器。

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